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One important distinction in this context is the difference between pure and mixed pleasure. Pure pleasure excludes any form of pain or unpleasant feeling while the experience of mixed pleasure can include unpleasant elements. But beauty can involve mixed pleasure, for example, in the case of a beautifully tragic story, which is why mixed pleasure is usually allowed in hedonist conceptions of beauty. The writing of Xenophon shows a conversation between Socrates and Aristippus.

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Historically, paintings show a wide range of different standards for beauty. However, humans who are relatively young, with smooth skin, well-proportioned bodies, and regular features, have traditionally been considered the most beautiful throughout history. Beauty standards are rooted in cultural norms crafted by societies and media over centuries.

This was first noticed in 1883, when Francis Galton overlaid photographic composite images of the faces of vegetarians and criminals to see if there was a typical facial appearance for each. When doing this, he noticed that the composite images were more attractive compared to any of the individual images. Researchers have replicated the result under more controlled conditions and found that the computer-generated, mathematical average of a series of faces is rated more favorably than individual faces. It is argued that it is evolutionarily advantageous that sexual creatures are attracted to mates who possess predominantly common or average features, because it suggests the absence of genetic or acquired defects. There is also evidence that a preference for beautiful faces emerges early in infancy, and is probably innate,and that the rules by which attractiveness is established are similar across different genders and cultures. Bishōnen refers to males with distinctly feminine features, physical characteristics establishing the standard of indian-guru in Japan and typically exhibited in their pop culture idols.

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Piccioli has the soul of a romantic and an artist; his pink statement last year was a moving visual declaration of how individuality emerges when an offering of beauty, like a color and the magic of savoir faire, is distributed to everyone. Well, at any rate, he had two great beauties—the pale flat white of his skin and his great shaggy mass of dark hair. Aristotle defines beauty in Metaphysics as having order, symmetry and definiteness which the mathematical sciences exhibit to a special degree. He saw a relationship between the beautiful and virtue, arguing that "Virtue aims at the beautiful."

These example sentences are selected automatically from various online news sources to reflect current usage of the word 'beauty.' Views expressed in the examples do not represent the opinion of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Researchers have found that good-looking students get higher grades from their teachers than students with an ordinary appearance. Studies among teens and young adults, such as those of psychiatrist and self-help author Eva Ritvo show that skin conditions have a profound effect on social behavior and opportunity. A feature of beautiful women that has been explored by researchers is a waist–hip ratio of approximately 0.70. Physiologists have shown that women with hourglass figures are more fertile than other women because of higher levels of certain female hormones, a fact that may subconsciously condition males choosing mates.

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Objectivism is the traditional view while subjectivism developed more recently in western philosophy. On this account, the beauty of a landscape is independent of who perceives it or whether it is perceived at all. Disagreements may be explained by an inability to perceive this feature, sometimes referred to as a "lack of taste". Subjectivism, on the other hand, denies the mind-independent existence of beauty. Influential for the development of this position was John Locke's distinction between primary qualities, which the object has independent of the observer, and secondary qualities, which constitute powers in the object to produce certain ideas in the observer.

But there is no objectively right or wrong taste, there are just different tastes. Objectivists or realists see beauty as an objective or mind-independent feature of beautiful things, which is denied by subjectivists. The source of this debate is that judgments of beauty seem to be based on subjective grounds, namely our feelings, while claiming universal correctness at the same time.

The quality present in a thing or person that gives intense pleasure or deep satisfaction to the mind, whether arising from sensory manifestations (as shape, color, sound, etc.), a meaningful design or pattern, or something else . His early landscapes exercise modes of naturalism, verging on Impressionism, but restlessly, with a palpable yen toward unusual nuances of beauty. In the Gothic Architecture of the High and Late Middle Ages, light was considered the most beautiful revelation of God, which was heralded in design. Examples are the stained glass of Gothic Cathedrals including Notre-Dame de Paris and Chartres Cathedral.